Porcelain 瓷器
作者 /张宇辉
指导教师 / 班海东 张泽妍
Porcelain is one of China’s great inventions and treasure of the world.
瓷器是中国的伟大发明之一，也是世界文化的瑰宝。
Porcelain evolves from pottery, going through a process from pottery, glazed pottery and to protoporcelain and eventually becomes what it is now.
瓷器由陶器发展演化而来，主要经历了从陶到釉陶，到原始瓷器，最后到成熟瓷器的过程。
The earliest porcelain emerged in the Shang Dynasty (about 1600 BC-about 1046 BC).
中国最早的瓷器出现在商代（约公元前1600年—约公元前1046年)。
Owing to the lower temperature and unadvanced technique, the porcelain made at this time was called “protoporcelain”.
由于烧制温度铵低，工艺略显粗糙，此时烧制的瓷器被称为“原始瓷”。
After undergoing over 1,600 years’ improvement in technology, the porcelain stepped into the stage of maturity.
经历了1600多年的工艺改进和提升后，瓷器逐渐走向成熟。
The first porcelain in China was made in the Eastern Han Dynasty (25 AD-220 AD), which was called celadon.
中国真正意义上的瓷器出现在东汉时期（公元25年—公元220年），这种瓷器被称为青瓷。
The Song Dynasty witnessed the heyday of the porcelain, with well-known categories of porcelain and prominent kilns throughout most of the territory of China.
到了宋代，瓷器发展空前繁荣，名瓷名窑遍及大半个中国。
The main raw material of porcelain is porcelain clay, and the surface of the ware is vitreous glaze; both of the surface and the whole ware need to be fired at a high temperature.
瓷器胎质的主要原材料是瓷土，器物表面是高温下烧制的玻璃质釉，瓷器整体需在高温下烧制而成。
During Tang and Song Dynasties, porcelain was sold abroad, and thus China was called “a nation of porcelain”.
唐宋时期，瓷器外销至其他国家，中国由此被称为“瓷国”。
During Song and Yuan Dynasties, due to advanced technique, the porcelain industry was thriving and there emerged a city famous for making porcelain-Jingdezhen.
宋元时期，制瓷技术进一步发展，元代还出现了以生产瓷器闻名的景德镇。
During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, the porcelain industry reached another peak.
明清时期集烧瓷业之大成，制瓷业达到另一高峰。
In ancient times, porcelain was mainly used as a vessel for holding articles in the folk, while in modern society, it is used especially for decoration.
瓷器在古代主要作为盛放物品的器皿而在民间广泛应用，发展到现代，多用于装饰。
The invention of porcelain is regarded as the great contribution to the world civilization.
瓷器的发明是中华民族为世界文明做出的伟大贡献。
“China” as a country and “china” as the synonym of porcelain attest to the truth that the exquisite and marvelous porcelain has become a symbol of China.
“瓷器”和“中国”在英语中通用“china”一词，足见在西方人眼中精美绝伦的瓷器已经成为中国的代名词。
张宇辉
英语B2204班
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