Beijing Opera 京剧
作者 /梁玲芝
指导教师 / 班海东
Beijing Opera (also Peking Opera), a typical representative of one of the most influential performance art styles in Chinese Quyi, has spanned over 200 years from its birth to its current maturity.
京剧从诞生到走向成熟已经有二百多年的历史，是中国戏曲艺术体系中极具代表性和影响力的表演艺术。
Owing to its extremely prominent position in Chinese Quyi, Beijing Opera is hailed as the quintessence of China.
在中国戏曲中拥有极其重要的地位，被誉为中国的“国粹”。
In 1790, during the reign of Qianlong emperor of the Qing Dynasty, Anhui opera troupes were called into Beijing for performance.
清乾隆五十五年（1790年）徽班进京。
After that, Anhui opera started to absorb the nutrition of various local operas and folk art and finally evolved into its present form after experiencing decades of communication, merging and evolution.
在实践中，不断吸收各地方剧、民间曲调的营养，历经几十年的交流、融合和演变，最终形成为京剧。
The period from 1840 to 1860 saw regarded as the formation of Beijing Opera and the period from 1883 to 1918 saw its maturity, in which under the leadership of the leading actor Tan Xinpei, Beijing Opera was innovated and promoted to a stage of a new level.
道光二十年至咸丰十年（1840年—1860年）被视为京剧的形成期，1883年至1918年是京剧发展的成熟期。在这一时期，以谭鑫培为代表的京剧名家不断创新发展，把京剧艺术推向了新高度。
The period after 1917 has witnessed its heyday with the emergence of varieties of schools and numerous talents.
1917年以来，京剧流派纷呈，人才济济，其发展走向鼎盛期。
Sheng, Dan, Jing, Mo and Chou are five types of roles of Peking Opera.
京剧舞合上的角色可划分为生、旦、净、未、丑五种类型。
Among others, “Four Famous Dan Actors” with Mei Lanfang heading the list are well-known in China and innumerable actors of different types of roles with first-rate art have sprung like mushrooms.
以梅兰芳为首的“四大名旦”誉满九州，各类角色均涌现出一大批技艺精湛的艺术家。
Besides, Beijing Opera is a highly integrated performance art form combining sing, narrate, perform and fight, the four fundamental skills.
京剧融“唱”“念”“做”“打” 四项基本功于一体，是一项高度综合的表演艺术。
At the same time, the plays of Beijing Opera derive from materials of wide range, including literature, history, military, economy, politics and folk tradition and conventions.
同时，京剧曲目取材广泛，包罗万象，汇集了文学、历史、军事、经济、政治、民俗等诸多元素。
Additionally, Beijing opera is characterized by its unique masks.
此外，京剧脸谱特色鲜明。
Beijing Opera masks serve two purposes. One is to indicate the identity and character of the role in the opera.
有两种用途，一种是表示剧中人物的身份和性格。
For example, a “red face” means the person is loyal and brave, whereas a “white face” identifies the person as being crafty and evil.
如“红脸”表示人物忠勇，“白脸”表示人物奸诈。
The other purpose is to express people’s appraisal of the roles, for instance, whether they are respectable or ridiculous.
另一种则体现人们对该角色的评价，如可敬或可笑等。
Today, playing a significant role in promoting cultural communication between the west and the east and transmitting Chinese culture, Beijing Opera has become an important medium in introducing and transmitting traditional Chinese art.
今天，京剧在促进东西文化交流、传播中国文化方面发挥了重要作用，已经成为介绍和传播中国传统艺术的重要媒介。
In 2010, Beijing Opera was inscribed on UNESCO’s Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity.
2010年，京剧被列入“世界非物质文化遗产代表作名录”。
梁玲芝
英语B2204班
我是人文与教育学院英语专业2204班梁玲芝，爱好跳舞与拍照。喜欢亲近大自然，喜欢傍晚散步。
